Based on the finite element analysis software of ABAQUS, the laser shock forming process of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy sheets under the support of a polyurethane rubber is studied. The effects of thickness, diameter and hardness of rubber on the metal sheet forming is also analyzed. An experiment is carried out to verify the simulated results. The study results show that the final shape of the deformed sheet is hemispherical. A great thickness of the rubber is conducive to the metal sheet forming when the thickness is in the range of 1.5-3 mm. The metal sheet forming result has no obvious correlation with the rubber diameter. A small hardness of the rubber is conducive to the metal sheet forming when the hardness is in the range of 40-70 HA. The simulated and experimental results have good consistency.