In the present article, according to the molecule formula of the Chinese purple and the result of most samples analysed in archaeology (PbO was contained more or less), the raw material of Chinese purple was prepared with the natural mineral resources, then the preparation was analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis methods for discussing which materials and what condition were used to produce Chinese purple in ancient China, in an attempt to explore the reason why the Chinese purple was invented in ancient China. The result showed that the use of witherite makes the synthetic condition facile, implying that the emergence of Chinese purple in ancient China is concerned with the use of this unique mineral containing barium.