[1] Charu Kakkar,Gerard Monnom,K. Thyagarajan et al.. Inherently gain flattened L-(+) band TDFA based on W-fiber design [J]. Opt. Commun.,2006,262(2):193-199

[2] Yang Gangfeng,Zhang Qinyuan,Shi Dongmei et al.. Spectroscopic properties of Tm3+ ions in heavy metal oxide glasses for S-band optical amplifications [J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2006,55(5):2613-2617

[3] R. M. Pereival,D. Szebesta,C. P. Seltzer et al.. A 1.6-μm pumped 1.9-μm thulium-doped fluoride fiber laser and amplifier of very high efficiency [J]. IEEE J. Quant. Electron.,1995,31(3):489-493

[4] Yang Kun,Ren Qiushi,Wei ShiGang et al.. Application of 2 μm Tm3+ laser on biomedicine [J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress,2005,42(9):52-56

[5] Feng Yutong,Meng Junqing,Chen Weibiao. Research development of eye-safe all-solid-state lasers[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress,2007,44(10):33-38

[6] Dong Shufu,Chen Guofu,Wang Xianhua et al.. Experimental researches on Tm3+:Ho3+ Co-doped silica fiber lasers[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2004,33(2):129-132

[7] Zhang Yunjun,Wang Yuezhu,Ju Youlun et al.. Progress of Tm3+-doped fiber laser [J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress,2005,42(6):34-38

[8] Jiangfeng Wu,Zhidong Yao,Jie Zong et al.. Highly efficient high-power thulium-doped germanate glass fiber laser[J]. Opt. Lett.,2007,32(6):638-640

[9] Qi Changhong,Zhang Xiurong,Hu Hefang et al.. Optical transition of Tm3+ ions in fluorozirconate glass[J]. Chinese J. Lasers,1994,21(3):201-206

[10] Huailiang Xu,Zhangkui Jiang. Optical properties of Tm3+-doped fluorozirconate glass [J]. Phys. Lett. A,2002,299:85-88

[11] Li Maohe,Qi Changhong. Infrared optical properties of Tm3+ in fluorozirconate glass[J]. Chinese J. Lumin.,1998,19(1):24-30

[12] J. L. Doualan,S. Girard,H. Haquin et al.. Spectroscopic properties and laser emission of Tm doped ZBLAN glass at 1.8 μm[J]. Opt. Mater.,2003,24:563-574

[13] B. R. Judd. Optical absorption intensities of rare-earth ions [J]. Phys. Rev.,1962,127(3):750-761

[14] G. S. Ofelt. Intensities of crystal spectra of rare-earth ions[J]. J. Chem. Phys.,1962,37(3):511-520

[15] D. E. McCumber. Einstein relations connecting broadband emission and absorption spectra [J]. Phys. Rev.,1964,136(4A):954-957

[16] Z. Xuelu,T. Hisyoshi. Evaluation of spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ doped glasses[J]. Phys. Rev. B,1995,52(22):15889-15897