Based on the principle that a rectangular function can be expanded into a sum of complex Gaussian functions with finite numbers, propagation characteristics of a Gaussian beam or a plane wave passing through apertured fractional Fourier transforming systems are analyzed and corresponding analytical formulae are obtained. Analytical formulae in different fractional orders are numerically simulated and compared with the diffraction integral formulae, the applicable range and exactness of analytical formulae are confirmed. It is shown that the calculating speed of using the obtained approximate analytical formulae, is several hundred times faster than that of using diffraction integral directly. Meanwhile, by using analytical formulae the effect of different aperture sizes on Gaussian beam propagation characteristics is numerically simulated, it is shown that the diffraction effect can be neglected when the aperture size is 5 times larger than the beam waist size.