Based on the geometric position relations of space target, space-based observation station and the sun, as well as the CCD detection system performance, the visible conditions of space target relative to observation station is studied, and the visible-light characteristics of space target is also studied on the basis of bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF).Taking satellite as an example, according to the orbital parameters, geometrical parameters and surface material properties of satellite, as well as detection system performance parameters, a simulation analysis was made based on STK/Matlab for the visible conditions and visible-light characteristics of different observation stations in satellite observing.The simulation results show that the visible-light conditions of satellite may be affected by various factors, and the CCD detection system performance has significant influence on the visibility of satellite relative to observation station.