A scheme of microwave photonic radar architecture based on mutual optical fiber dispersion was proposed, including generation and compression of wideband linear frequency modulation signal. Linear frequency modulation was generated at the transmitting end by using the mutual dispersion fiber. At the receiving end, the radar echo was modulated by the Mach-Zehnder modulator onto the pre-chirped optical signal, and that was further dispersed in the optical dispersion fiber. Finally, the pulse compression signal of the target echo can be obtained at the detector end. The linear frequency modulation signal can be directly compressed by the proposed technique in the optical domain without digital signal processing during pulse compression process, and the pulse compression ratio could be further programmable. The numerical simulations and experimental results showed that the proposed scheme can effectively perform the pulse compression of the LFM in the optical domain. A linear frequency modulation signal with temporal width of 1.2 ns, bandwidth of 3.2 GHz in the C-band was generated by the experiment, and that was compressed to 0.09 ns through the mutual dispersion fiber. The pulse compression ratio is up to 13.3.