Tian-Hang Chen, Bin Zheng, Chao Qian, Hong-Sheng Chen. Progress of novel electromagnetic cloaking research [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(15): 154104-1

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- Acta Physica Sinica
- Vol. 69, Issue 15, 154104-1 (2020)

Fig. 1. Examples of absorbing or directional scattering cloaking methods: The unique appearance of U.S. Air Force F117A stealth fighter enables it to be effectively cloaked under the single-based station radar system
![Examples of absorption cloaking. (a) A mid-infrared absorption cloaking sheet[32]. Most of the reflected wave will be absorbed without entering any detector. (b) Effect of infrared cloaking/illusion on thermal images[33].](/richHtml/wlxb/2020/69/15/20200976/img_2.jpg)
Fig. 2. Examples of absorption cloaking. (a) A mid-infrared absorption cloaking sheet[32]. Most of the reflected wave will be absorbed without entering any detector. (b) Effect of infrared cloaking/illusion on thermal images[33].
![“A perfect cloak”[37]. The electromagnetic wave still propagates in the original direction after passing through the designed anisotropic cloaking sphere.](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 3. “A perfect cloak”[37]. The electromagnetic wave still propagates in the original direction after passing through the designed anisotropic cloaking sphere.
![The working principle and effect of “self-cloaked material”[39]: (a) Effective parameters of the solid slab composed of closely arranged corrugated wires with different layer thickness; (b) steady-state electric field distribution under an oblique plane-wave incidence at 10 GHz upon such self-cloaked material.](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 4. The working principle and effect of “self-cloaked material”[39]: (a) Effective parameters of the solid slab composed of closely arranged corrugated wires with different layer thickness; (b) steady-state electric field distribution under an oblique plane-wave incidence at 10 GHz upon such self-cloaked material.
![Schematic of the scattering cancellation cloaking method[41].](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 5. Schematic of the scattering cancellation cloaking method[41].
![Photo of cloak based on transformation optics[61].](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 6. Photo of cloak based on transformation optics[61].
![Invisibility cloak designed by homogeneous transformation optics[64]: (a) The original virtual space of the transform; the red line represents a selected ray; (b) real space after transformation; the red line represents the transformed ray; (c) layered system for modeling the one-directional cloak.](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 7. Invisibility cloak designed by homogeneous transformation optics[64]: (a) The original virtual space of the transform; the red line represents a selected ray; (b) real space after transformation; the red line represents the transformed ray; (c) layered system for modeling the one-directional cloak.
![A TM wave visible light invisibility cloak composed of calcite under natural light designed by homogeneous transformation optics[68].](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 8. A TM wave visible light invisibility cloak composed of calcite under natural light designed by homogeneous transformation optics[68].
![Schematics of a nature light cloak for large objects when the phase consistency is ignored[71]: (a), (b) Dynamic monitoring of a fish swimming through the aquatic ray cloak; (c), (d) experimental observation of a cat in the terrestrial ray cloak.](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 9. Schematics of a nature light cloak for large objects when the phase consistency is ignored[71]: (a), (b) Dynamic monitoring of a fish swimming through the aquatic ray cloak; (c), (d) experimental observation of a cat in the terrestrial ray cloak.
![Carpet invisibility cloak: (a) The design of carpet invisibility cloak[74], through the compression of virtual space, the blue region of right sub-figure is transformed to the blue region in the left sub-figure, thus concealing the green objects existing in the real space in figure (a); (b) experimentally realized carpet invisibility cloak and I-shaped unit structure by Liu et al[75].](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 10. Carpet invisibility cloak: (a) The design of carpet invisibility cloak[74], through the compression of virtual space, the blue region of right sub-figure is transformed to the blue region in the left sub-figure, thus concealing the green objects existing in the real space in figure (a); (b) experimentally realized carpet invisibility cloak and I-shaped unit structure by Liu et al[75].
![(a) A schematic of carpet cloak[84]; (b) schematic view of a visible spectrum invisibility cloak[86]; (c) cloaking devices designed at terahertz and millimeter wave frequencies by applying ring resonators to metasurfaces[88]; (d) a full-polarization carpet cloak by applying closed-loop resonators[92].](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 11. (a) A schematic of carpet cloak[84]; (b) schematic view of a visible spectrum invisibility cloak[86]; (c) cloaking devices designed at terahertz and millimeter wave frequencies by applying ring resonators to metasurfaces[88]; (d) a full-polarization carpet cloak by applying closed-loop resonators[92].
![(a) Cloaking by designing a “complementary media” [97]; (b) remote cloaking based on multi-folded transformation optics[100]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 12. (a) Cloaking by designing a “complementary media” [97]; (b) remote cloaking based on multi-folded transformation optics[100]
![Experimental realization of active cloaking: (a) Active invisibility cloak at microwave frequency[110]; (b) active direct current field invisibility cloak[111]; (c) active heat conduction field invisibility cloak[112].](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 13. Experimental realization of active cloaking: (a) Active invisibility cloak at microwave frequency[110]; (b) active direct current field invisibility cloak[111]; (c) active heat conduction field invisibility cloak[112].

Fig. 14. Examples of imitation cloaking methods: (a) The protective color of a frog (Rana dalmatina) makes it difficult to be distinguished from the grasslands environment; (b) the scattering wave of soldiers in ghillie suit is almost the same as that of grasslands background, which is difficult to be spotted by enemy observers.
![Tunable invisibility cloak: (a) Temperature tunable one-dimensional transformation optics invisibility cloak[137]; (b) carpet cloaking/illusion device based on tunable metasurface[140]; (c) the time-domain digital-coding metasurface which is able to create the analogue of Doppler shift, or velocity illusion[141]; (d) deep learning-enabled self-adaptive microwave cloak[143].](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 15. Tunable invisibility cloak: (a) Temperature tunable one-dimensional transformation optics invisibility cloak[137]; (b) carpet cloaking/illusion device based on tunable metasurface[140]; (c) the time-domain digital-coding metasurface which is able to create the analogue of Doppler shift, or velocity illusion[141]; (d) deep learning-enabled self-adaptive microwave cloak[143].
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