Based on the quantitative requirements of equipment electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the test results can be divided into EMI type and EMS type according to the characteristics of EMC test data. Thus the quantitative representation methods of EMI and EMS test results are put forward and the mathematical model is established in this paper. By analyzing the characteristics of EMI test data, the corresponding quantization representation model is constructed through the two dimensions of standard data share and excessive features. According to the characteristics that EMS test results are only qualitative description and combined with the sensitive phenomena in the measurement process, a quantitative characterization model is constructed from two dimensions of interference source and sensitive frequency band. Besides, the relevant quantitative model is realized by software and verified by experimental measurement. In this paper, the quantitative research of the test results is carried out and the mathematical quantification model of the corresponding test items is obtained, and the quantitative characterization of the EMC qualitative test results based on the national military standard is achieved. The relevant research results of this paper have certain reference significance in system-level EMC performance quantitative evaluation, big data analysis of test results and optimization design of equipment EMC.