In 3D bullet trail measurement system, in order to obtain high measurement accuracy, a sixteen-step phase-shifting technique fringe image processing algorithms is presented. First, the principle of phase distribution and achievement in 3D morphology is analyzed. And then, adaptive Wiener filter is used to remove partial noise in collected bullet trail images and sym4 wavelet decomposition is used to process the original image by three-layer to remove system noise. The proposed system introduces three-layer decomposition of the wavelet coefficients based on soft threshold to calculate phase combined with sixteen-step phase-shifting technique. The results show that the phase curve of bullet fringe is smoother, the maximum height deviation of original fringe image is 1.631 μm, and the deviation is 0.867 4 μm by sixteen-step phase-shifting, which improves the system accuracy.