In order to solve the problem of heat loss caused by wall in the existing building energy consumption, a kind of dark ribbed sandwich precast composite lightweight insulation wall panel was proposed in this paper, and the thermal performance of this new type of wall panel was studied. First, the thermal parameters of lightweight aggregate concrete and polystyrene granular concrete were tested respectively, and the effects of different thickness combinations of inner and outer blades and core layers, built-in steel mesh and plane truss on the thermal performance of composite wall panels were studied. Then the experimental results are compared with the theoretical analysis results to verify the reliability of the theoretical analysis model, and provide fundamental research support for the thermal design of composite insulation wall panel. Compare with the conventional precast concrete wallboard, the new composite wallboard shows good thermal performance.