Owing to the advantages of optical coherence tomography (OCT), such as high resolution, deep imaging depth, and fast imaging speed, it facilitates a new method for the evaluation of renal status. The renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) process can cause damage to renal functional units; such damages can be quickly estimated using noninvasive optical imaging in real time. Herein, using spectral-domain OCT (SDOCT) with 1300-nm center wavelength, two- and three-dimensional images of Wistar rat kidneys were collected in vivo. The obtained images clearly show the microstructure of uriniferous tubules in the renal cortex. Moreover, results demonstrate that OCT imaging is prominent in the evaluation of renal status owing to the sensitivity of OCT to IR process.