To address the significant impact of a single control factor on the mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag-fly ash binder materials under the combined action of multiple factors, the effects of fly ash content, water cement ratio, alkali content and sodium carbonate content on the compressive strength of alkali-activated slag-fly ash binder materials were investigated. Grey relational factors and univariate analysis of variance and range analysis based on orthogonal experimental design were used to evaluate the degree of influence of these factors on mechanical properties. The results show that in NaOH/Na2SiO3 alkali-activated slag-fly ash binder material system, fly ash content has a major impact on compressive strength. A prediction formula has been established to accurately predict the relationship between fly ash content, water cement ratio, alkali content, sodium carbonate content, compressive strength. The relative error between the predicted results and experimental results is basically controlled within ±10%.