A spectral domain optical coherence tomography(OCT) imaging system used to detect the subsurface morphologies of jades is described. It is mainly composed of Michelson interferometer and spectrograph with superluminescent diode light source of 830 nm central wavelength, the depth resolution is 10 μm , lateral resolution is 15 μm, penetration depth is 2 mm. The experimental results validate that the OCT technology can be applied in the quantificational detection of the jades′ morphologies, making use of digital image analysis technology, the precise location and size of disfigurements can be calculated, simultaneously the quantificational method to evaluate the jades′ quality is put forward. In addition, by means of comparing OCT with scanning electro microscope (SEM) detection, it demonstrates that OCT can become a new technological approach to detect subsurface morphologies of jades.