In view of the limitations of traditional detection methods that can not obtain the polarization information and spectral information of camouflage materials in complex background, this paper uses hyperspectral polarization imaging technology to detect and analyze the high-spectral polarization characteristics of typical camouflage materials. In the experiment, a set of simultaneous aperture hyperspectral polarization imaging system was used to detect the hyperspectral polarization of typical camouflage materials such as camouflage coating and camouflage net, and to analyze the nine polarization parameters of the camouflage material, and obtain the relative reflectance of camouflage material and background with spectral variation. The results show that by using the difference of polarization characteristics between the camouflage material and the background, selecting the appropriate polarization parameter can increase the texture detail of the target and improve its contrast. The spectral polarization characteristics are analyzed, and the 760 nm detection band is selected to facilitate the rapid and accurate detection of the camouflage material.