The atherosclerotic plaque and vessel wall are experimental studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) and Raman spectroscopy in order to provide a real-time monitoring for laser angioplasty. Fifteen male Japanese white rabbits fed three months with high-fat feed get aortic arch and do portrait incision by using 380 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser and 532 nm green laser as light source to induce fluorescence spectroscopy of atherosclerotic plaque and vessel wall respectively,while 532 nm green laser is used as light source to induce Raman spectroscopy. Results shows that,380 nm UV laser-induced fluorescence spectra of atherosclerotic plaque and vessel wall both have characteristic peaks at wavelength of 416 nm,but the intensity of the former is significantly higher than the latter;532 nm green laser-induced fluorescence spectra both have characteristic peaks at wavelength of 800 nm,but have no significant difference in intensity;The Raman spectroscopy of atherosclerotic plaque has one peak at wavelength of 3000 nm and one trough at 3300 nm,but the Raman spectroscopy of vessel wall is smooth without any peaks. Therefore,both 380 nm UV laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy can effectively differentiate atherosclerotic plaque and vessel wall,while 532 nm green laser-induced fluorescence spectra cannot differentiate them effectively.