Globalization and urbanization promote rapid development of countries and regions and rapid growth in the area of buildings, diversify ecological functional needs, and expand paucity in the utilization of land resources. It is greatly important to deal with problems and risks including unbalanced regional development, exhaustion of resources, decline in environmental quality, and frequent occurrence of natural disasters in the current territory optimization. The analysis of regional ecological characteristics and advancing and refining development needs based on construction standards of ecological civilization are proposed to enhance the comprehensive benefits of regional ecological services and socio-economic development. Landscape ecology involving analysis of the texture characteristics of surface space from the ecosystem perspective has a long-term effect on the scale, pattern, function, process, and linkage among them and is advantageous in systematically dealing with current problems of territory optimization at different spatial and temporal scales. The study integrates land and resources management under the background of global change from the perspective of landscape ecology and based on an understanding of ecological civilization construction. It raises the demands of the territory optimization in terms of the specific orientation of ecosystem services, efficient building area structures, suitable and diversified industrial development supports, and multi-level ecosystem services and safeguards. Based on studies on different spatial and temporal scales and landscape ecology in land space governance, the current territory optimization should focus on the following topics: (1) Identifying and unifying governance units at different spatial scales; (2) Defining and evaluating spatial variation of landscape functions; (3) Constructing landscape patterns based on ecological risk prevention; (4) Proposing an intensive and efficient plan for the coordinated development of urban and rural areas; (5) Investigating the framework of green development with multi-scale linkage; (6) Exploring multi-level and diverse ecological compensations. Additionally, the marine area included in the territory is less involved in current landscape ecological research. It should be supplemented in a follow-up study to maintain ecosystem services, improve landscape functions, and prevent ecological risk.