Large aperture space optical telescope is a significant scientific instrument to achieve high resolution remote sensing and high sensitivity detection. The traditional monolithic space telescope with an aperture of more than four meters will be difficult to break through the limitation of the effective envelope of the fairing of the existing launch vehicle. The segmentation technology can maximize the aperture under the premise of satisfying the carrying capacity, which is the best choice to solve the high resolution and high information collection ability of the current telescope. The research status of the segmented space telescope technology is reviewed from the deployment form, the types and characteristics of the segmented space telescope in the technical realization route are summarized, and technical connotation and realization methods are analyzed for the high-precision mechanism development technology, robot intelligent assembly technology, wavefront detection and control technology and ultra-light segmented mirror technology, respectively. Finally, facing the future vision goal, the technical development of the segmented space telescope is prospected.