Author Affiliations
1Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-113, Mianyang 621900, China2Institute of Applied Electronics , CAEP , P.O. Box 919-1002, Mianyang 621900, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Prediction of space debris collisions based on LEGEND model
[5] Fig. 2. The US LDEF project and the collision morphology due to space debris
Fig. 3. Schematics for the collision of space debris with satellite
Fig. 4. Starlink project and the number of on-orbit satellites
[9] Fig. 5. Impact test of Whipple shield structure
Fig. 6. Schematics of JAXA’s electrodynamic tethers and ESA’s net attached deorbit plan (JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
Fig. 7. Schematics of ESA’s solar sail deorbit plan
Fig. 8. The LODR project and its ability in space debris removal
[21] Fig. 9. DLR’s design and plan of laser removal of space debris
Fig. 10. Laser removal of space debris in JEM-EUSO program
Fig. 11. A classic illustration of space-based laser removal system
Fig. 12. The interaction of laser with space debris material
Fig. 13. The laser parameters for obtaining optimum impulse coupling coefficient for aluminum
[49] Fig. 14. The variation of impulse coupling coefficient for aluminum with different laser energy density
Fig. 15. The variation of impulse coupling coefficient for carbon fiber material with different laser energy density
Fig. 16. The influence of pressure to the impulse coupling coefficient
Fig. 17. Holographic of plasma plume during laser irradiation
Fig. 18. Simulation results of plasma plume development
Fig. 19. Structure of model-based evaluation of laser removal of space debris
Fig. 20. The logic of data flow in the evaluation system
Fig. 21. The output user-interface for the evaluation system of laser removal of space debris
material of space debris | number of collisions | impact depth/mm | position of collision | Ti | 1 | 0.57 | observation window | coating material(polymer) | 3 | 0.57~1.1 | hatch door, radiator | Al | 5 | 0.24~2.1 | observation window, antenna, sealing system, PLB door, bracket trunnion | stainless steel | 5 | 1.0~2.8 | radiator | meteoroids | 4 | 0.4~1.4 | radiation pipeline, antenna, sealing system |
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Table 1. Collisions of space debris with US space shuttle during 1992 to 1997