Two-dimensional material as a saturable absorber for mid-infrared ultrafast fiber laser

Qian Zhang; Xin-Xin Jin; Meng Zhang; Zheng Zheng

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200472

Journals >Acta Physica Sinica >Volume 69 >Issue 18 >Page 188101-1 > Article

Acta Physica Sinica
Vol. 69, Issue 18, 188101-1 (2020)

Two-dimensional material as a saturable absorber for mid-infrared ultrafast fiber laser

Qian Zhang, Xin-Xin Jin, Meng Zhang^*, and Zheng Zheng

Author Affiliations

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

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DOI: 10.7498/aps.69.20200472 Cite this Article

Qian Zhang, Xin-Xin Jin, Meng Zhang, Zheng Zheng. Two-dimensional material as a saturable absorber for mid-infrared ultrafast fiber laser[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(18): 188101-1 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Development of materials as real saturable absorber (SA) in lasers^[16].

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Fig. 2. Atomic structures of two-dimensional (2D) materials: (a) Graphene^[19]; (b) TIs^[23]; (c) TMDs^[28,29]; (d) BP^[36]; (e) MOFs^[41].

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Fig. 3. Schematic diagram fabrication methods of 2D materials: Top-down, bottom-up methods and Topological transformation.

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Fig. 4. (a) SEM image of the Ni-MOF showing a 2D layer structure; (b) AFM image of the Ni-MOF dissolved in an IPA solution; (c) raman spectrum of the Ni-MOF^[41].

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Fig. 5. (a) The setup of balanced twin-detector measurement; (b) the measured saturable absorption data and their corresponding fitting curve under 1934 nm laser irradiation^[41].

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Fig. 6. (a) A typical data set from Z-scan experiment of the SA device^[64]; (b) the typical shapes of Z-scan measurements^[55].

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Fig. 7. Fiber integration with two-dimensional materials: Transmission integration method ((a) sandwiching structure transferring SA on fiber end^[66]); evanescent-wave integration method ((b) D-typed fiber^[65], (c) tapered fiber^[41]).

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Fig. 8. (a) Setup of graphene based mode-locked fiber laser^[56]; (b) autocorrection trace; (c) optical spectrum; (d) setup of the BP mode-locked fiber laser^[40]; (e) autocorrelation trace; (f) optical spectrum.

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Fig. 9. The shortest-pulse Tm-doped fiber laser based on BP at 2 μm spectral region: (a) Setup of Tm:fiber mode-locked laser; (b) autocorrelation trace^[83].

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2D material	Graphene	TIs	TMDs	BP	MOFs
Bandgap/eV	0	0.2—0.3	1—2.0	0.3—2	0.85
Carrier lifetime	Fast: < 200 fs Slow: ～1 ps	Fast: 0.3—2 ps Slow: 3—23 ps	Fast: ～1—3 ps Slow: 70—400 ps	Fast: 360 fs Slow: 1.3 ps	—

Table 1.

Bandgaps and carrier lifetime of 2D materials.

二维纳米材料带隙与载流子弛豫时间总结

2D material	Fabrication method	Laser type	λ/nm	Pulse width/ps	Repetition rate/MHz	Power/mW	Ref.
Graphene	LPE	TDF	1940	3.6	6.46	2	[56]
Graphene	CVD	TDF	1884	1.2	20.5	1.35	[22]
Graphene	NPE	TDF	1950	0.255	23.5	1210	[67]
Graphene	CVD	TDF	1945	0.2	58.87	13	[68]
Graphene	CVD	Er:ZBLAN	2800	42	25.4	18	[69]
BP	ME	TDF	1910	0.739	36.8	1.5	[40]
BP	ME	Er:ZBLAN	2800	42	24	613	[72]
BP	Sonication	Er:ZBLAN	3.5	34600	28.91	40	[73]
TMDs-WTe₂	MSD	TDF	1915	1.25	18.72	39.9	[74]
TIs-Bi₂Te₃	ME	Tm/Ho	1935	0.795	27.9	20	[27]
MOFs	Solvothermal	TDF	1882	1.3	13.9	2.87	[41]

Table 2.

Summary of mid-infrared mode-locked fiber lasers using 2D material based SAs.

中红外波段各种二维纳米材料可饱和吸收体锁模光纤激光器性能总结

2D material	Fabrication method	Laser type	λ/nm	Pulse width/fs	Repetition rate/MHz	Spectral width /nm	Ref.
Graphene	CVD	Tm	1940	260	6.46	9.4	[78]
Graphene	CVD	Tm	1876	603	41	6.6	[79]
Graphene	CVD	Tm	1945	205	58.87	27.5	[68]
Graphene	—	Ho	2060	190	20.98	53.6	[80]
TIs-Bi₂Te₃	Optically	Tm/Ho	1909	1260	21.5	3.6	[81]
TIs-Bi₂Te₃	ME	Tm/Ho	1935	795	27.9	5.6	[27]
TMDs-WSe₂	CVD	Tm	1864	1160	11.36	3.19	[61]
TMDs-MoTe₂	CVD	Tm	1930	952	14.35	4.45	[60]
TMDs-MoSe₂	LPE	Tm/Ho	1912	920	18.21	4.62	[82]
BP	ME	Tm	1910	739	36.8	5.8	[40]
BP	LPE	Tm	1886	139	20.95	55.6	[83]

Table 3.

Output Performance Comparison of reported thulium-doped and holmium-doped fiber lasers mode-locked with nanomaterial SAs

基于二维纳米材料可饱和吸收体掺铥/钬超快锁模光纤激光器性能对比

Qian Zhang, Xin-Xin Jin, Meng Zhang, Zheng Zheng. Two-dimensional material as a saturable absorber for mid-infrared ultrafast fiber laser[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(18): 188101-1

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