The qualities of the filters with one-dimensional photonic crystal quantum well of single and double barriers are studied by transmission matrix method. The results show that the quality of experimented filter has a delicate response to the refractive index of barrier layer medium. The larger the refractive index of barrier layer medium, or the larger the ratio between the refractive index sum of barrier layer medium and well layer medium, the higher the quality of the filter with photonic crystal quantum well of single barrier is. The quality of the filter with photonic crystal quantum well of double barrier is higher when the ratio between the refractive index sum of inner barrier medium and well layer medium, or the ratio between the refractive index sum of outer barrier medium and well layer medium, especially the ratio of the summed refractive index of inner and outer barrier mediums to the summed refractive index of well layer medium, become larger. As the ratio between the refractive index sum of barrier layer and well layer is increasing, the quality of filter with photonic crystal quantum well of double barrier improves more quickly than the one of single barrier. These characteristics provide definite reference to theoretical study of photonic crystal quantum well and the practical design of new quantum optical filter of high quality.