As a new kind of 2D carbon nanomaterial, graphene has wide application prospect in many fields such as energy storage device, electronic device and composites, due to its excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Industrialized production of graphene is one of the researching hotspots in materials science all over the world. Among the variant methods for preparing graphene, electrochemical exfoliation owns advantages such as fast, efficient, and environment friendly, etc., and it provides a probability to realize industrialization. Firstly, this paper reviews the latest research processes in preparation of graphene and graphene-like (BN and MoS2) material from electrochemical exfoliation at home and abroad. And the reaction mechanisms are discussed. Then, the research status and applications of graphene in the field of optoelectronic device are briefly introduced. Finally, the further expectation of graphene is proposed.