The high-quality welding of aluminum alloy/steel dissimilar alloys is difficult owing to the great variation in their physical and chemical properties. In this work, the laser beam wobble welding process is adopted to achieve good connection between 6061 aluminum alloy and 316L stainless steel. Moreover, the effects of laser wobble mode and wobble frequency on weld formation characteristics, microstructure, and tensile-shear strength have been investigated. The results indicate that laser wobble welding can increase interfacial bonding area, decrease weld penetration, and effectively suppress weld pores and cracks. Laser wobble can make the interfacial temperature uniform and enhance the stirring effect on the weld pool; it also alleviates metallurgical reactions and suppresses the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. The interfacial microstructures in a welded joint obtained with wobble laser mainly comprise Fe(Al) solid solution and a small amount of FeAl3 phase; the maximum tensile-shear strength of the joint obtained with the wobble laser can reach 117.5 N/mm, which is 45% more than that of conventional laser welding. Welded joint fractures are also observed at the interface between stainless steel and the weld metal.