The work performance of key components in an underground drilling turbine generator for the Logging While Drilling(LWD) were researched. First, a kind of high performance hydraulic turbine model was established. Then, the turbine model with different blade parameters were studied in the turbulent flow field based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD ) theory by using the Fluent software. The effects of flow rates, rotational speeds on the turbine flow field were analyzed. Finally, the relationship of flow rates, rotational speeds, loads and turbine generator output voltage were verified through a ground one-way water conservancy experiment for the turbine generator. The simulation analysis results show that the turbine model with 15 blades, import blade angle above 30°, export angle below 45°, the arc radius of 40 mm or less has excellent hydraulic performance, however, the higher hydraulic efficiency will reduce the working life of the turbine. It suggests that improving the efficiency of hydraulic turbines by increasing the flow and speed should be controlled in a certain range. The established turbine model improves the output power of the turbine and ensures its working life.