There are some adverse reactions in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), such as dye relaxation, electrons in semiconductor films react with oxidized dye molecules and electron recombination with oxidized ions in electrolyte. It is very important to use a more sophisticated DSSC carrier transport model to simulate the photoelectric performance of the battery. Therefore, this paper is based on the carrier transport model including electron, dye cation, iodide and triiodide in DSSC established by multiple capture theory. The J-V curves of DSSC with different TiO2 film thickness, different incident light intensity and different dye molecular absorption coefficient were obtained by numerical simulation. The results show that with the increase of TiO2 film thickness, the short-circuit current density of solar cells increases, the open circuit voltage decreases, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency first increases and then decreases. When the TiO2 film thickness of DSSC is 20 μm, the photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches the maximum value of 7.41%. At the same time, the photoelectric conversion efficiency increases with the increase of incident light intensity and dye molecular absorption coefficient. When the absorption coefficient is 4 500 cm-1, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 6.73%. The above analysis and research results can provide theoretical guidance for improving the photoelectric performance of DSSC.