To solve the existing safety problems in the encryption algorithm of the single chaotic system and the low-dimension chaotic system, a composite digital image encryption algorithm based on 2D hyper chaotic system and 3D chaotic system was proposed.Firstly, Kawakami hyper chaotic sequences were generated by iteration, which were used for pixel shuffling. Secondly, the initial conditions and iteration parameters of LV system were controlled by plaintext pixel values to generate LV chaotic sequences, which were used for substituting and diffusing the images.The generation of initial values and pre-iteration times of the chaotic system was associated with the sum of plaintext pixel values and single pixel value. The whole process enhanced the complexity of the relationship between plaintext and cryptograph, and enlarged the cipher space. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high encrypting efficiency and can achieve a satisfying encryption effect with only two rounds of encryption. Furthermore, it has a desirable ability to resist different kinds of attacks.