Fig. 1. Structural data of as-constructed models with different cooling rates, including: (a) The normalized structural factor S(Q); (b) the total pair distribution function, G(r).

Fig. 2. Compressive stress-strain curves of Zr₄₈Cu₄₅Al₇ amorphous alloy models prepared using different cooling rates at the strain rate of 1 × 10⁸ /s.

Fig. 3. Distributions of atomic local shear strains of Zr₄₈Cu₄₅Al₇ amorphous alloy models at macrostrain of 20% during the compressive deformation, including those prepared with different cooling rates: (a) 10¹⁰ K/s; (b) 10¹¹ K/s; (c) 10¹² K/s; (d) 10¹³ K/s.

Fig. 4. Distributions of major Voronoi clusters in (a) The as-constructed models of Zr₄₈Cu₄₅Al₇ amorphous alloy with different cooling rate (Note only Voronoi clusters possessing a weight larger than 4% are selected), and (b) a liquid model of Zr₄₈Cu₄₅Al₇ with a temperature of 2000 K (Note only Voronoi clusters with highest fractions and relatively higher five-fold symmetry are selected).

Fig. 5. 3 D distributions of LFV atoms in (a) a liquid model at 2000 K, and those as-constructed models prepared by using with cooling rates of (b) 10¹⁰ K/s, (c) 10¹¹ K/s, (d) 10¹² K/s, and (e) 10¹³ K/s.

Table 1. The atomic packing efficiencies, η, in the as-constructed models prepared by using different cooling rates and a liquid model with a temperature of 2000 K.

Table 2. The total free volume and fraction of free volume in the as-constructed models prepared by using different cooling rates and a liquid model with a temperature of 2000 K.

Table 3. The number of LFV atoms in the as-constructed models prepared by using different cooling rates.