Based on EOS/MODIS multi-channel remote sensing data, the characteristics of a strong convective cloud were analysed qualitatively according to a heavy rainfall in the northern of Anhui province from 30, June to 1, July in 2006. The characteristics of the cloud system and structure of the strong convective cloud were shown. And the strong convective cloud was verified by the ground precipitation observation data. The results show that it is one of the effective methods to survey heavy rainfall based on MODIS data in Anhui province. The rainfall intensity accords with the cloud reflectivity, cloud top TBB, two channel reflectivity difference, cloud phase, infrared temperature ratio, temperature and humidity structure of the MODIS data. The characteristics of the strong convective cloud are indicated effectively based on the MODIS remote sensing data.