Pathogen detectionrequires additional driving witha peristaltic pump and centrifuge. Hence, a self-driven microfluidic chip was designed with micro-V-groove channels, and its topologic structure and precision grinding were studied in relation to flow.Because it is difficult for physical processing, such as laser processing, to ensure topologic microform accuracy, diamond grinding was employed to machine the micro-V-groove channelsprecisely on a quartz glass surface. The key was to develop efficient and precision on-machine truing of a wheel-V-tip with the same grain-tip angle through multiaxis control and mechanical physical removal and subsequently to perform ductile-modemicrogrinding with mechanical precision copy. Furthermore, the influence of themicro-V-groove angle, roughness, gradient, etc. on microliquid flowing velocity were experimentally investigated. Finally, a microfluidic chip was manufactured for pathogen detection. It was found that larger gradient, smaller angle, finer surface roughness, and at-V-tip distributed nanochannels lead to a much larger flow velocity in the microfluidic chip. Accordingly, the micro-V-grooves can be ground to attain a surface roughness of 30 nm and tip radius of 15 μm, which induces microliquid flow. As a result,the developed self-driven microfluidic chip can detect Brucella pathogen nucleic acids with a detection accuracy of 100 ag/μLor lesser without a centrifuge.