In order to research the performance of off-axis reflective optical system against the dynamic environment, the random vibration and fatigue analysis is presented. The finite element model of optical system structures is established and its modal analysis is performed by the finite element software MSC/Patran. The boundary conditions are used as the connecting hole of the base frame which in the actual assembly. The analysis results are obtained by constraint to the each node, and it shows that the change of translation and rotation in three directions are very small. Content the accuracy requirement of the measurement system in the space environment. Finite element analysis of the optical system is carried out in the three directions random vibration load. The results show that the maximum stress of the optical system internal structure are 151, 267 and 280, respectively. According to the S-N fatigue curve with aluminum alloy A709, and the PSD Spectrum of stress response, made the fatigue analysis of off-axis reflective optical system against the dynamic environment with Palmgren-Miner assumption, the results meet the system requirements.