Fig. 1. Flowchart of FRAPCON4.0 computation with gap filling model
Fig. 2. Average liner power of a fuel rod
Fig. 3. Comparison of fuel average temperature with different initial filling height (color online)
Fig. 4. Comparison of internal pressure with different initial filling height (color online)
Fig. 5. Average liner power of high power fuel rod
Fig. 6. Comparison of void volume with optimized initial gas pressure and plenum length
Fig. 7. Comparison of internal pressure with optimized of initial gas pressure and plenum length
Fig. 8. Variation of failure probability with initial fabricated gap sizes
Fig. 9. Diagram of fuel rod designs (color online) (a) UO2-SiC, (b) Void UO2-SiC, (c) UO2-LBE-SiC
Fig. 10. Comparison of peak fuel temperatures
Fig. 11. Comparison of gap size variation over time
Fig. 12. Comparison of maximum fission gas release variation over time
Fig. 13. Comparison of fuel rod internal pressure variation over time
Fig. 14. Comparison of contact pressure variation over time
Fig. 15. Comparison of cladding hoop stress (a) CMC layer, (b) CVD layer
物性Property | 关系式Model |
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:饱和肿胀体积变化率[17] Saturated swelling volume change / % Tirr:辐照温度 Irradiation temperature / K | | :辐照肿胀体积变化率[18] Irradiation swelling volume change / % γ:辐照剂量 Irradiation dose / dpa = 1 dpa | | :CVD辐照后热导率[17] Thermal conductivity of CVD SiC after irradiation / W·m-1·K-1 | | :CMC未受辐照热导率[19] - Thermal conductivity of CMC SiC without irradiation / W·m-1·K-1 | | :CMC辐照后热导率[19] Thermal conductivity of CMC SiC after irradiation / W·m-1·K-1 | | α:热膨胀系数[20] Thermal expansivity / K-1 | | :CVD未受辐照杨氏模量[21] CVD unirradiated Young's modulus / Pa Vp:CVD孔隙率 CVD Porosity, 0.02 | | :CVD辐照后杨氏模量[22] CVD irradiated Young's modulus / Pa | | CVD/CMC泊松比 CVD and CMC Poisson's ratio | 0.21/0.13 |
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Table 1. Material properties of SiC
燃料棒局部线功率 Rod local linear power / W·m-1 | 芯块外半径 Pellet outer surface radius / mm | 间隙宽度 Gap size / μm | LBE间隙平均温度 LBE gap average temperature / K | 间隙温差 Gap temperature difference / K |
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FRAPCON计算值 FRAPCON result | 理论值 Theoretical result |
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17.66 | 4.116 | 44.0 | 735.1 | 2.042 | 2.044 | 30.00 | 4.177 | 20.6 | 869.4 | 1.433 | 1.438 | 19.72 | 4.162 | 38.8 | 1 106.9 | 1.534 | 1.526 |
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Table 2. Verification result of LBE gap filled model
参数Parameter | 参数值Value |
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包壳外径 Cladding diameter | 9.76 mm | 包壳厚度(CMC/CVD) Cladding thickness | 0.45/0.25 mm | 间隙尺寸 Gap size | 80 μm | 活性区长度 Activate length 上空腔长度 Plenum length | 3.657 6 m 0.175 m | 富集度 Enrichment | 4.8% | 初始内压 Initial rod pressure 栅距 Rod pitch | 2.41 MPa 12.6 mm | 冷却剂入口温度 Coolant inlet temperature | 565.7 K | 冷却剂流量 Coolant mass flow rate | 3 434 kg·m-1·s-1 | 冷却剂压力 Coolant Pressure | 15.5 MPa |
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Table 3. Parameters of fuel rod design and operating condition