In order to meet the adaptability of infrared imaging products in complex and variable environments and realize the function of the products, the design of the space-cold optical long-wave infrared camera is studied in this paper. Firstly, the structural design of the long-wave infrared camera is performed. Then, Partarn/Nastran finite element software is used to analyze the camera. The influence of temperature drop and gravity on the surface shape of all the lens are studied, and the first three order modes of the camera are calculated. Then, the wave aberrations of the camera are tested. Finally, the modulation transfer function test of the camera in a vacuum environment is completed. The experimental results indicate that the root-mean-square value of the camera is better than 1/50λ, and the calculated value of MTF is 018719, which can meet the accuracy requirements of the low-temperature infrared camera.