In complex and changing lighting environments, images are prone to distortion, leading to blurring of video monitoring details and directly affecting the accuracy and effectiveness of image data. In order to improve the quality of blurred images, a method for enhancing blurry details in video monitoring images based on grayscale com- pensation is proposed. The guided filtering method is used to extract the brightness component values of exposed and under lit images, and the two-dimensional linear relationship between the brightness component and image resolution is solved. Dynamic stretching or compression adjustments are given based on the maximum and minimum values of the imbalance in the linear relationship of the image. On this basis, image regions are divided, and a fuzzy set domain is established based on the membership relationship between the brightness components of each region and the fuzzy set. The grayscale values of pixels belonging to the fuzzy set domain are calculated, and the enhancement of fuzzy details is achieved by adjusting the grayscale values. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the inter- ference of complex lighting conditions on the image, and complete the fuzzy detail enhancement with high efficiency and high quality. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of image enhancement is as high as 36 dB, and the structural similar- ity is closest to 1, indicating that the image enhancement effect and applicability of the proposed method are better.