In order to solve the problems of difficult treatment of construction residue and low degree of resource utilization, this paper proposes to use a curing agent to solidify construction residue. In this paper, the effects of cement content, curing agent content, and curing age on the unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water stability, freeze-thaw resistance, and dry shrinkage resistance of solidified soil were analyzed, and the curing mechanism of co-curing agent and cement was revealed by SEM and XRD tests. The results show that, when the cement content is 7%, and the content of curing agent is 3%, the unconfined compressive strength of solidified soil residue is 6.91 MPa, the splitting tensile strength is 0.98 MPa, and the hydraulic stability coefficient is 91.52% for 28 d, compared with cement curing, which increases by 15.7%, 31.2% and 12.2%, respectively. The incorporation of the curing agent has the effect of improving the dry shrinkage resistance of solidified soil. After 10 freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate of solidified soil decreases by 44.6% and the residual strength increases by 34.9% compared with that of cement cured specimens. The C-S-H and C-A-H cementitious substances generated by the cement hydration reaction of the curing agent make the soil particles agglomerate into a granular structure and form a network skeleton to provide strength. The SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ in the curing agent reduce the content of free water and adsorbed water between the soil particles, and the strength and road performance of the solidified soil is enhanced and improved after the addition of the curing agent. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for the application of cured construction residue soil in roadbeds.