In order to solve the problem of manual calibration in the existing laser scanning projection system， the self-calibration method of laser scanning projection system combined with monocular vision was proposed. Firstly， laser scanning projection system model combined with monocular vision technology is established， and the self-calibration method of laser scanning projection system combined with monocular vision is studied. Secondly， the mathematical model between camera and laser scanning projection system and projected object is founded. Finally， it is proved that the self-calibration method of laser scanning projection system combined with monocular vision can solve the problem by the simulation experiment. At the same time， the accuracy of the self-calibration method is verified to meet the requirement of the laser scanning projection system by comparing the experimental results of Matlab and SA. The relationship between accuracy and external factors such as distance and angle is analyzed. The simulation results show that when the distance is fixed and the rotation angle of the camera is 55°， the range of the camera from the projector and projected object is 1.5~3 m and meet the accuracy requirement of the projector. By independently building a new laser scanning projection system， the studied method has practical operability and feasibility.