Fig. 1. Pekeris branch cut map.Pekeris分支割线示意图

Fig. 2. Geometric distribution of the noise sources.噪声源几何分布示意图

Fig. 3. Underwater environment in absence of surface duct.无表面声道时的海洋环境

Fig. 4. Sound speed profiles in absence and in presence of surface duct.有无表面声道时的声速剖面

Fig. 5. Vertical directionality of the noise at different depths in absence and in presence of surface duct: (a) In absence of surface duct; (b) in presence surface duct.有无表面声道时不同深度上的噪声垂直方向性　(a) 无表面声道; (b) 有表面声道

Fig. 6. Vertical directionality of the noise at 1300 and 5000 m in absence and in presence of surface duct: (a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m.1300 和5000 m深度上有无表面声道时的噪声垂直方向性　(a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m

Fig. 7. Vertical coherence function of the noise at 1300 and 5000 m in absence and in presence of surface duct: (a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m.1300 和5000 m深度上有无表面声道时的噪声垂直相关函数　(a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m

Fig. 8. Vertical directionality of the noise at 1300 and 5000 m with the thickness of the surface duct varing from 0 to 50, 100, and 150 m: (a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m.表面声道厚度为0 (无表面声道), 50, 100 和150 m 时, 1300和5000 m 深度上的噪声垂直方向性　(a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m

Fig. 9. Vertical directionality of the noise at 1300 and 5000 m in absence of surface duct and with the sound speed gradient in the 100 m-thick surface duct varying from 0.002 to 0.009 and 0.0167 s⁻¹: (a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m. 无表面声道及表面声道内的声速梯度为0.002, 0.009和0.0167 s⁻¹时, 1300和5000 m 深度上的噪声垂直方向性　(a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m

Fig. 10. Distribution of different kinds of normal modes on the complex plane in absence and in presence of surface duct: (a) In absence of surface duct; (b) in presence of surface duct.有无表面声道时, 各类简正波的本征值在复平面上的分布　(a) 无表面声道; (b) 有表面声道

Fig. 11. Modal intensity of noise-sources-generated normal modes in absence and in presence of surface duct: (a) The overall plot ; (b) zoom in Fig. (a). 有无表面声道时各阶简正波的简正波强度 　(a) 整体图; (b) 局部放大图

Fig. 12. Modal intensity of noise-sources-excited normal modes with different and different : (a) Different ; (b) different . 和 取不同值时各阶简正波的简正波强度 　(a) 取不同值; (b) 取不同值

Fig. 13. Transmission loss calculated involving only TM in presence of surface duct.存在表面声道时, 仅考虑TM计算得到的传播损失

Fig. 14. Vertical directionality of the noise calculated involving only TM at 1300 m depth in presence of surface duct.存在表面声道时, 仅考虑TM计算得到1300 m深度上的噪声垂直方向性

Fig. 15. Vertical directionality of the noise calculated involving only Refr-M in absence and in presence of surface duct at 1300 and 5000 m: (a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m.有无表面声道时, 仅考虑Refr-M计算得到的1300和5000 m深度上的噪声垂直方向性　(a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m

Fig. 16. Vertical directionality of the noise calculated involving only Refl-M in absence and in presence of surface duct at depth 1300 and 5000 m: (a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m.有无表面声道时, 仅考虑Refl-M计算得到的1300和5000 m深度上的噪声垂直方向性　(a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m

Fig. 17. , and in absence and in presence of surface duct at 1300 and 5000 m: (a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m. 有无表面声道时, 1300和5000 m深度上的 , 和 　(a) 1300 m; (b) 5000 m

Table 1. The intervals of for different kinds of normal modes in absence and in presence of surface duct. 有无表面声道时各类简正波的水平波数 所处区间