As one of the most dynamic urban economic circles in China, the Pearl River Delta has witnessed rapid economic development in recent years. At the same time, the prevention and control of local air pollution has attracted wide attention. Among the many means of air pollution monitoring, satellite remote sensing method has the advantages of wide observation range, ability for observation of many kinds of pollutants, sustainable observation, low cost and so on. EMI (Environmental trace gases monitoring instrument) is the first Chinese spaceborne atmosphere monitoring spectrometer, which loaded on GF-5 satellite launched on May 9, 2018. It has been widely used in monitoring spatial distribution and temporal change of atmospheric pollutants regional and global areas, and is of great significance for the control of air pollution as well as the research and development of Chinese satellite hyper-spectral remote sensing inversion algorithm. Based on EMI remote sensing data and satellite remote sensing products from University of Science and Technology of China, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of tropospheric NO2 column concentration over Pearl River Delta region from January to August 2019 are analyzed in this work. The results show that: (1) From January to August 2019, the concentration of tropospheric NO2 column over Pearl River Delta region presents a concave pattern as a whole, showing a decreasing trend from January to June, and an increasing trend from July to August. (2) Themain NO2 pollution sources over Pearl River Delta are concentrated in the central part of FoShan city and the coastal areas along the Pearl River estuary. From January to August, the center of NO2 source gradually moved from central Foshan to Shenzhen and the Hong Kong. (3) There is a positive correlation between the concentration distribution of tropospheric NO2 column over Pearl River Delta region and the economic status, industrial structure, the number of permanent residents and the number of motor vehicles. Among them, the city’s overall economic status and the proportion of the secondary industry have a great influence on the concentration of tropospheric NO2 column. Therefore, attention should be paid to the development of local economy and the optimization of industrial structure in the prevention and control of air pollution.