Fig. 1. Schematic of the theoretical model for GSPPs transporting on graphene deposited on a cylindrical substrate.

Fig. 2. GSPP magnetic field (Hz) distributions of first six order modes on cylindrical substrate. Radius of the cylindrical substrate is 50 nm.

Fig. 3. (a) Dispersion relationship, (b) propagation length, and (c) decay lengths in air and (d) substrate of GSPP on planar substrate and on cylindrical substrates whose radii are 500, 50, and 5 nm, as illustrated. Discrete points of each color, which represent the correspondent values of GSPP on the cylindrical substrates with different radii, are the first 20 order modes.

Fig. 4. GSPPs magnetic field (Hz) distributions at the same eigenfrequency on the cylindrical substrates with different radii. (a) and (b), respectively, correspond to 81.5 and 92.7 THz. Radius of the cylindrical substrate on the right is 50 nm, which is twice that of the left one in both (a) and (b).

Fig. 5. Comparison of the GSPP magnetic field (Hz) distributions of the same GSPP wavelength (λGSPP) on the planar and cylindrical substrates. Lengths of graphene on the planar and cylindrical substrates are equal. Radius of the cylindrical substrate is 5 nm. Frequency is (a) 194.3 and (b) 194.4 THz.

Fig. 6. GSPP magnetic field (Hz) distributions on planar and curved graphene films excited by the electric dipoles with different frequencies. (a) and (b) are excited at 110 THz, while (c) and (d) are excited at 120 THz. Lengths of planar and curved graphene films are equal. Curvature radius of the curved graphene film is 50 nm.

Fig. 7. Comparison of GSPP propagating on (a) U-shaped and (b) planar graphene films. GSPPs in (a) and (b) are excited by the electric dipoles with the frequency of 199 THz. Length of U-shaped graphene film is equal to that of the planar. Curvature radius of the curved part in a U-shaped film is 50 nm. (c) GSPP transmission spectra of these two shapes of graphene films.

Fig. 8. Comparison of GSPP propagating on (a) S-shaped and (b) planar graphene films. GSPPs in (a) and (b) are excited by the electric dipoles with the frequency of 199 THz. Length of S-shaped graphene film is equal to that of the planar. The curvature radii of the two curved graphene films connected in an S shape are 35 and 70 nm. (c) GSPP transmission spectra of GSPPs on these two shapes of graphene films.

Fig. 9. Comparison of GSPP propagating on (a) G shape and (b) graphene films. GSPPs in (a) and (b) are excited by the electric dipoles with the frequency of 199 THz. Length of G-shaped graphene film is equal to that of the planar. The curvature radii of the two curved graphene films connected in the G shape are 35 and 70 nm. (c) GSPP transmission spectra of GSPPs on these two shapes of graphene films.

Fig. 10. Realization of 90° turning of GSPP by utilizing curved graphene. GSPPs in panels (a) and (b) are excited by the electric dipoles with the frequency of 198 THz. Curvature radius of the quarter-circle-shaped graphene film that is used to interconnect the two planar films is 10 nm in panel (a). As a comparison, the transport of GSPPS on a planar graphene film with the equal length to that of the L shape is illustrated in panel (b). (c) GSPP transmission spectra of these two shapes of graphene films.