Fig. 1. Gaussian eddy model

Fig. 2. Geometry of the noise model

Fig. 3. Simulation environment

Fig. 4. Sound speed distribution with different : (a) ; (b) ; (c) ; (d) ; (e)

Fig. 5. Noise vertical directionalities at different depths with different (black dashed line in each subfigure indicates the location of the peak at the downward edge of the horizontal notch): (a) ; (b) ; (c) ; (d) ; (e)

Fig. 6. Noise vertical directionalities with different at 800 and 2000 m depths: (a) 800 m; (b) 2000 m

Fig. 7. Noise vertical correlation functions with different at 800 m depth: (a) ; (b)

Fig. 8. Noise vertical correlation functions with different at 2000 m depth: (a) ; (b)

Fig. 9. Traces of the rays launching from the (0, 800 m) point with the launching polar angles varying within under the conditions where equals to 0, , and 40 (green dashed lines, red solid lines and gray dotted lines in each subfigure indicate the NR, SR, and SRBR rays, respectively): (a) 0; (b) ; (c)

Fig. 10. Noise vertical noise directionalities generated by noise sources within at 800 m depth with r varying from 40 to 50 km under the conditions where equals to 0, , and 40: (a) ; (b) ; (c)

Fig. 11. Traces of the rays launching from the (0, 2000 m) point with the launching polar angles varying within under the conditions where equals to 0, , and 40 (green dashed lines, red solid lines and gray dotted lines in each subfigure indicate the NR, SR, and SRBR rays, respectively): (a) ; (b) ; (c) D_c = 40

Fig. 12. Noise vertical noise directionalities generated by noise sources within at 2000 m depth with r varying from 40 to 50 km under the conditions where equals to 0, , and 40: (a) ; (b) ; (c)

Fig. 13. Downward-view geometry

Fig. 14. Sound distribution in the 800 m depth cross section

Fig. 15. Transmission loss from 800 m depth to the noise sources depth (0.5 m) cross section computed by the Bellhop3D program in and 3D modes: (a) N × 2D; (b) 3D

Fig. 16. Noise vertical directionalities at the off-center position 800 m depth generated by the noise sources within sector 1 and sector 2 in comparison with the noise vertical directionality at the eddy center 800 m depth

Table 1. Minimal lunching polar angle , maximal launching polar angle , central launching polar angle , and launching polar angle width of the SR rays launching from the (0, 800 m) point with the launching polar angle being greater than under the conditions where equals to 0, , and 40

Table 2. Minimal launching polar angle , maximal launching polar angle , central launching polar angle , and launching polar angle width of the SR rays launching from the (0, 2000 m) point with the launching polar angle being greater than under the conditions where equals to 0, , and 40