Comparison and Analysis of Estimation Methods for Heavy Metal Pollution of Farmland Soils

EZIZ Mamattursun; HAYRAT Adila; Xiuyun YANG

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.05.001

Journals >Journal of Resources and Ecology >Volume 11 >Issue 5 >Page 435 > Article

Journal of Resources and Ecology
Vol. 11, Issue 5, 435 (2020)

Comparison and Analysis of Estimation Methods for Heavy Metal Pollution of Farmland Soils

EZIZ Mamattursun^{1、1、2、2、*}, HAYRAT Adila^1、1, and Xiuyun YANG^1、1

Author Affiliations

¹College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China

¹新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐 830054

²Laboratory of Arid Zone Lake Environment and Resources, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China

²新疆师范大学新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室,乌鲁木齐 830054

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DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.05.001 Cite this Article

EZIZ Mamattursun, HAYRAT Adila, Xiuyun YANG. Comparison and Analysis of Estimation Methods for Heavy Metal Pollution of Farmland Soils[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(5): 435 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Fig. 1

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Index	Calculating formula	Characteristics of parameters
P_i	P_i = C_i /B_i	Where C_i represents the concentration of element i in the soil sample, and B_i represents the background value of element i
I_geo	I_geo = log₂(C_i /1.5B_i)	Where C_i and B_i are the same as above, and 1.5 represents a background matrix correction factor that includes possible variations of the background values due to lithogenic effects
EF	EF = (C_i /C_r) /(B_i /B_r)	Where C_i and B_i are the same as above, C_r is the concentration of the reference metal, and B_r is the background value of the reference elements
ER	ER = (C_i /S_i) × T_i	Where C_i is the same as above, S_i is the limit-risk concentration of element i, and T_i is the toxic response factor of element i in the soil sample
I_er	I_er = (C_i /S_i) - 1	Where C_i and S_i are the same as above

Table 1.

The calculating formulas for the P_i, I_geo, EF, ER, and I_er Index

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Class	P_i	Pollution degree	I_geo	Pollution degree	EF	Pollution degree	ER	Risk degree	I_er	Risk degree
Ⅰ	≤0.7	Unpolluted	≤0	Unpolluted	≤2	Unpolluted	≤40	Low risk	≤0	Low risk
Ⅱ	0.7-1	Low	0-1	Unpolluted to moderately	2-5	Low	40-80	Moderate risk	0-1	Moderate risk
Ⅲ	1-2	Moderately	1-2	Moderately	5-20	Moderately	80-160	Considerable risk	1-3	Considerable risk
Ⅳ	2-3	High	2-3	Moderately to strongly	20-40	High	160-320	High risk	3-5	High risk
Ⅴ	> 3	Extremely	3-4	Strongly	> 40	Extremely	> 320	Extremely high risk	> 5	Extremely high risk
Ⅵ	-	-	4-5	Strongly to extremely	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ⅶ	-	-	> 5	Extremely	-	-	-	-	-	-

Table 2.

Classification of pollution degrees using P_i, I_geo, EF, ER, and I_er

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Items	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn
Minimum (mg kg^-1)	0.52	0.05	33.68	19.45	312.82	19.45	0.99	38.99
Maximum (mg kg^-1)	28.87	0.38	123.39	73.12	789.68	55.97	96.36	434.88
Median (mg kg^-1)	4.78	0.21	53.80	30.08	501.72	33.96	37.45	73.72
Average (mg kg^-1)	6.50	0.20	55.73	30.52	503.28	34.21	41.16	89.31
Standard deviation (mg kg^-1)	4.22	0.06	11.63	6.22	61.76	6.77	24.16	57.80
CV	0.65	0.30	0.21	0.20	0.12	0.20	0.59	0.65
Background value (mg kg^-1)	11.20	0.12	39.60	35.80	688.00	26.40	13.50	16.80
National Standard (GB 15618-2018) (mg kg^-1)	25.00	0.60	250.00	100.00	-	190.00	170.00	300.00

Table 3.

Descriptive statistics of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soil samples (n=186)

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Assessment method	Statistics	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Ni	Pb	Zn
P_i	Minimum	0.05	0.42	0.85	0.54	0.74	0.07	2.32
	Maximum	2.58	3.17	3.12	2.04	2.12	7.14	25.89
	Average	0.54	1.67	1.41	0.85	1.30	3.05	5.32
I_geo	Minimum	-5.00	-1.85	-0.82	-1.47	-1.03	-4.35	0.63
	Maximum	0.78	1.08	1.05	0.45	0.50	2.25	4.11
	Average	-1.76	0.07	-0.12	-0.84	-0.24	0.64	1.67
EF	Minimum	0.07	0.64	0.96	0.73	1.00	0.10	3.81
	Maximum	4.16	4.19	3.80	3.10	3.25	11.53	30.75
	Average	0.74	2.30	1.93	1.17	1.78	4.21	7.27
ER	Minimum	0.21	2.50	0.27	0.97	0.51	0.03	0.13
	Maximum	11.55	19.0	0.99	3.66	1.47	2.83	1.45
	Average	2.42	10.04	0.45	1.53	0.90	1.21	0.30
I_er	Minimum	-0.98	-0.92	-0.87	-0.81	-0.90	-0.99	-0.87
	Maximum	0.15	-0.37	-0.51	-0.27	-0.71	-0.43	0.45
	Average	-0.76	-0.67	-0.78	-0.69	-0.82	-0.76	-0.70

Table 4.

Statistics of P_i, I_geo, EF, ER, and I_er values of heavy metals in farmland soils in the study area

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Assessing method	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Ni	Pb	Zn
P_i	Ⅰ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅴ	Ⅴ
I_geo	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
EF	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
ER	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ
I_er	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ

Table 5.

Pollution grades of each element with different assessment methods

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Assessing method	Order
P_i	Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni > Cu > As
I_geo	Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni > Cu > As
EF	Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni > Cu > As
ER	Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn
I_er	Cd > Cu > Zn > As = Pb > Cr > Ni

Table 6.

Decreasing order of heavy metal pollution

EZIZ Mamattursun, HAYRAT Adila, Xiuyun YANG. Comparison and Analysis of Estimation Methods for Heavy Metal Pollution of Farmland Soils[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(5): 435

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