A water cooling structure based on twisted tube to high power light emitted diode (LED) is proposed in this paper, and mechanical model is established. In order to get the best effect of heat dissipation in the case of heat transfer equipment minimization, low flow power consumption etc., the heat transfer performance of the twisted tube is investigated under different water velocity, wall thickness, length of the twisted section, and the thickness of the twisted tube cavity. In the operating conditions, the structural dimensions of the twisted tube are optimized, and the finite volume method is used to calculate the computation domain. The results of simulation indicate that the twisted tube system after optimizing has better properties of heat transfer; the heat exchanger is used in 180 W high power LED array luminaries, and the temperature of chips is lower than 57.573 9℃; the model and analysis results can provide a significance reference for the engineering radiator design of high power LED lighting system.