Fig. 1. Study area and meteorological stations of China

Fig. 2. Spatial pattern of precipitation variations in China from 1961 to 2016

Fig. 3. The changes in frequency and amount of precipitation in daytime and nighttime over China from 1961 to 2016; (a) and (b) are frequency of precipitation in daytime and nighttime, respectively; (c) and (d) are amount of precipitation in daytime and nighttime, respectively

Fig. 4. The changes of daytime and nighttime extremes precipitation (including heavy rain and torrential rain) in China from 1961 to 2016; (a) and (b) are frequencies of daytime and nighttime extreme precipitation, respectively; (c) and (d) are amount of daytime and nighttime extreme precipitation, respectively

Fig. 5. The changes in the frequencies (day) and amounts (mm) of daytime and nighttime extremes precipitation (heavy rain and torrential rain) in the nine river basins of China from 1961 to 2016. (a) and (b) are the heavy rain and torrential rain of daytime, (c) and (d) are the heavy rain and torrential rain of nighttime

Fig. 6. The contributions of annual daytime and nighttime heavy rain and torrential rain to annual precipitation in the nine river basins of China during 1961-2016

Fig. 7. The contributions of annual daytime and nighttime heavy rain and torrential rain to annual precipitation in the nine river basins of China in different periods. (a) represents the contribution of daytime heavy rain, (b) represents the contribution of daytime torrential rain, (c) represents the contribution of nighttime heavy rain, and (d) represents the contribution of nighttime torrential rain

Table 1. The study on daytime and nighttime precipitation changes based on station data in China

Table 2. Average annual precipitation and arid/humid conditions in the nine river basins of China

Table 3. Daytime and nighttime precipitation changes in the nine river basins of China during 1961-2016