The plasticizer is a kind of polymer material additive widely used in various fields of people's life and work, long-term or high concentration of exposure to human health has huge potential harm. Now plasticizer harm events occur frequently, and the detection of plasticizers has become a top priority. Currently, the main detection methods of plasticizers are gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. However, the above methods have disadvantages such as cumbersome pre-treatment, high technical requirements, low sensitivity and long detection time, which is not conducive to the rapid detection of plasticizer. Raman spectrum analysis technology has no sample preparation, fast detection and molecular fingerprint information and other characteristics, can respond to qualitative-quantitative analysis to determine the material, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis technology asa branch of Raman spectrum analysis technology, has a high sensitivity, high selectivity and the advantages of the non-invasive, It breaks through the limitation of the inherent low sensitivity of ordinary Raman spectroscopy. It can obtain the structure information which is difficult to be obtained by ordinary Raman spectroscopy, which gradually plays an advantage in plasticizer detection. This paper briefly describes the principle of Raman spectrum analysis technology, summarizes the common Raman spectroscopy analysis technology in the plasticizer characteristic peak identification and quantitative test of the high content of plasticizer, and the application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in the detection of low-content plasticizers. Nowadays, the substrates used for plasticizer detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are mainly gold and silver nanoparticles. In this paper, the research progress of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in trace and trace plasticizers is reviewed according to the types of substrates used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (Au nanoparticles, Ag nanoparticles, Au@Ag nanoparticles). Finally, the existing problems in the detection of plasticizers by Raman spectroscopy are pointed out, and the development trend in the future has been prospected to provide reference and solutions for the study of plasticizer detection in the future.