In order to improve the cold resistance and maintain the stability of potassium silicate gel, the influence of ethylene glycol content on the structure, optical properties, stability and cold resistance of potassium silicate gel was investigated by infrared spectroscopy, laser light scattering, rheological test and cold resistance test, etc. The results show that with the increase of ethylene glycol content, the content of Q3’ in the network structure of potassium silicate gel increases gradually, and the polymerization degree increases continuously, which improves the stability of potassium silicate gel and offsets the decrease in stability caused by the decrease in solid phase content. When the ethylene glycol content reaches 11.39% (mass fraction), SiO2 particles begin to precipitate and the Q1 content in the network structure of potassium silicate gel increases gradually, resulting in a decrease in the transmittance from above 91% to 88.9%. The deformation rate of potassium silicate gel without ethylene glycol is 0.022 mm/h at room temperature, which decreases slightly with the increase of ethylene glycol content. When the ambient temperature increases to 60 ℃, the deformation rate is 25~27 times comparing to that of room temperature. When the ethylene glycol content is 7.89% (mass fraction), the potassium silicate gel can be kept at -12 ℃ for 6 h without freezing. In summary, under the condition of ensuring the stability and transmittance of potassium silicate gel, the cold resistance can be as low as -12 ℃.