In order to achieve broadband and efficient optical absorption, the multiple silver nanolayer was introduced into the photonic crystals to form a one-dimensional ternary periodic symmetric structure. The effects of thickness of each layer on the band range, absorption bandwidth, absorbance and absorption energy field distribution of the solar spectrum high absorption band were studied by the transfer matrix method. The absorption band with wavelength range from 724 nm to 1 188 nm, spectral width of 464 nm, and average absorbance of 0.78 was obtained by structural adjustment. The absorbed energy is mainly distributed in the first half of the symmetrical structure of the photonic crystal. When the thickness of the silver layer decreased from 30 nm to 15 nm, the local energy in each period increased significantly. At the same time, the distribution and transfer of energy in silicon and MgF₂ layers can be controlled. The results of this paper can be used to improve the absorption of solar radiation, and provide an important basis for the design of photonic crystal and their application in solar energy utilization.