The fluorescence enhancement effect of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) was measured by using a picosecond pulsed laser with a 532 nm excitation wavelength to induce surface plasmon (SP) on a gold nanograting surface. A layered thin film was prepared on the gold film surface of silicon fund by atomic force microscope (AFM) etching and self-assembly method, respectively. The fluorescence spectrum of CdSe QDs was measured by adjusting the power of picosecond pulsed laser on a micro-Raman measuring platform. The results showed that the structure of the gold nanograting and CdSe QDs could greatly enhance the far-field fluorescence of CdSe QDs, the maximum fluores-cence intensity was up to 7.80 times, and it had been saturated rapidly at the point of reaching the maximum inten-sity. The results of this study could be widely used in fields of the optoelectronic devices, biomedical detection.