Liquid crystals are widely used in the display field because of their anisotropic optical properties. In order to study the modulation effect of the liquid crystal environment on the surface plasmon of metal nanostructures, this paper based on the finite difference time domain method, the extinction spectrum of gold nanocolumns in liquid crystal environment is analyzed, Computational space termination is provided by a combination of the perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition and periodic boundary conditions. Numerical simulation on the extinction spectrum characteristics of Au nanocolumns by the effects of different parameters, such as inclination angle, grating distance and periodic structure and so on. The results show that with the increase of the angle of the optical axis of the liquid crystal, the resonant wavelength appears redshift, and the modulation range is 40nm. The larger the grating distance, the weaker the interaction between the Au nanocolumns and the smaller of the resonant wavelength. With the increase of the cycle length, the secondary effect is more obvious. The surface plasmonics of the metal nanostructures can be adjusted by the optical properties of the liquid crystal. The results provide a theoretical basis for the study of the surface plasmon structure in the new photonic devices.