The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultramarine blue pigments on the physical and mechanical properties, hydration characteristics and coloring effect of white Portland cement. The white Portland cement was replaced by 2%, 4% and 6% ultramarine blue pigments, and the fluidity, setting time and compressive strength of the composite cementitous system were tested on the basis of the water-binder ratio of 0.45. The hydration rate and products were studied by electrical resistivity and thermal analysis method (TG/DTG) combined with XRD. The coloring effect of ultramarine blue pigments was studied in CIELAB color space. The results show that the fluidity and setting time of the white Portland cement paste decrease with the increase of ultramarine blue pigments content. The addition of ultramarine blue pigments increases the resistivity in 3 d of the white Portland cement paste and accelerates the cement hydration rate. Ultramarine blue pigments consume calcium hydroxide produced by cement hydration to form products similar to cement hydration, which makes the structure more compact and improves the compressive strength of cement samples. The higher the amount of ultramarine blue pigments, the darker the surface brightness of the samples becomes, and the color saturation point is basically reached when the content of pigments is 6%.