Fig. 1. Salinity effects on the dynamic and steady state IFT when the DM coverage is 1.5 μmol/m2 with the NPs concentration is 1.0 wt.%.
1.5 μmol/m2 DM 纳米颗粒(1.0 wt.%)在不同浓度盐水中的动态表面张力
Fig. 2. Effects of the DM coverage on the dynamic and steady state IFT with 1.0 wt.% concentration in the brine of 2 M NaCl + 0.25 M CaCl2.
不同改性纳米颗粒(1.0 wt.%) 在2 M NaCl + 0.25 M CaCl2盐水中的动态表面张力
Fig. 3. The IFT of mixing solution of different surfactant with 1.0 wt.% NPs: (a) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM NPs solutions with different concentrations of TTAB; (b) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM NPs solutions with different concentrations of AOS
阴、阳离子活性剂与改性纳米颗粒复配体系表面张力 (a) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM纳米颗粒溶液中加入不同浓度TTAB; (b) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM纳米颗粒中加入不同浓度AOS
Fig. 4. IFT in the shrinking process versus the surface area change (in the 2 M NaCl + 0.25 M CaCl2 brine with 1.0 wt.% concentration).
液滴平衡前后收缩过程表面张力变化曲线(2 M NaCl + 0.25 M CaCl2, 溶液质量密度为1.0 wt.%)
Fig. 5. IFT at different Aw/A ratios during droplet shrinking for (a) and (b) NPs with difference DM coverage at the fixed concentration of 1 wt.% in 2 M NaCl+0.25 M CaCl2 brine; for (c) and (d) 1 wt.% 1.5 μmol/m2 DM NPs solutions with various salinities
不同体系液滴收缩过程中表面张力的变化, 溶液质量密度为1 wt.% (a), (b) 不同疏水性纳米颗粒溶液, 盐含量2 M NaCl+0.25 M CaCl2; (c), (d) 不同盐浓度溶液, 1.5 μmol/m2 DM纳米颗粒
Fig. 6. IFT at different Aw/A ratios during droplet shrinking in DI water with 1.0 wt.% NPs: (a) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM NPs solutions with different TTAB concentrations; (b) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM NPs solutions with TTAB and AOS with same beginning IFT
质量浓度为1.0 wt.%的不同纳米颗粒-活性剂体系液滴收缩过程中表面张力的变化 (a) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM纳米颗粒中加入不同浓度TTAB; (b) 1.5 μmol/m2 DM纳米颗粒中加入TTAB或AOS, 表面张力初始值相近
| 0.8 μmol/m2 DM
| | 1.2 μmol/m2 DM
| | 1.5 μmol/m2 DM
| 前段 | 中段 | 前段 | 中段 | 前段 | 中段 | 表面压缩模量/mN·m–1 | ~26 | ~58 | | ~39 | ~70 | | ~36 | ~67 |
|
Table 1. The compression modulus of various hydrophobic NPs solutions in 2 M NaCl + 0.25 M CaCl2 brine with continuous shrinking droplet.
液滴持续收缩过程中不同改性纳米颗粒溶液体系的平均表面压缩模量
| 超纯水 | | 2.5 M NaCl | | 2 M NaCl + 0.25 M CaCl2 | 前段 | 中段 | 前段 | 中段 | 前段 | 中段 | 表面压缩模量/mN·m–1 | ~0 | ~0 | | ~22 | ~68 | | ~36 | ~67 |
|
Table 2. The compression modulus of 1.5 μmol/m2 DM NPs solutions in various salinity brine with continuous shrinking droplet
液滴持续收缩过程中改性纳米颗粒溶液在不同盐含量条件下的表面压缩模量