In order to explore the effect of fiber volume content on the fracture process of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineering cementitious composites (PVA-ECC), the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device based on 50 mm was used for different fiber volume content (0%, 0.75%, 1.50%, 2.25%, 3.00%) of PVA-ECC notched semi-circular bend (NSCB) specimens for impact test, and combined with ultra-high-speed digital image correlate (DIC) test system for PVA-ECC materials. The dynamic fracture process was experimentally studied, and the variation law of the prefabricated crack tip opening displacement and the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODC) value of each group of specimens were obtained. The results show that when no PVA fiber is added or a small amount (less than 1.50%) is added, the macroscopic crack at the crack tip appears basically at the peak moment of the crack tip load, and with the increase of the PVA fiber content, the macroscopic crack at the crack tip appears. It appears significantly earlier than the peak time of the crack tip load, and the larger the fiber volume content is, the earlier the crack tip macro crack appears, and the time for the crack to expand to complete fracture also increases significantly. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol fibers significantly improves the performance of concrete specimens. The increase of CTODC value can improve the crack resistance of the specimen. Under the same impact load, the specimen added with 2.25% polyvinyl alcohol fiber has a larger CTODC value.