Author Affiliations
1China Institute of Nuclear Industry Strategy, Beijing 100048, China2Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Compact magnetoplasma compressor and compression plasma flow
Fig. 2. Surface morphology of tungsten under CPF single pulse irradiation with nominal energy density of 0.3 MJ/m2 (pulse width 0.1 ms)
Fig. 3. Variation of surface temperature with time under different pulse energy densities (pulse width 0.1 ms) calculated by Comsol
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of energy input and dissipation without boiling and ablation
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of energy input and dissipation with vaporization or ablation
Fig. 6. Energy density correction method for vaporization process
Fig. 7. Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of W
Fig. 8. Time dependence of temperature distribution in depth direction of tungsten irradiated by CPF single pulse (pulse width 0.1 ms) with input energy density of 1.2 MJ/m2
Fig. 9. Variation of the calculated surface degeneration with the input energy density
Fig. 10. Variation of mass loss with nominal energy density in experiment
Fig. 11. Degenerative length under different energy densities from Table 2 and Table 3
Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of result evaluation of energy density correction
parameter | value | specific heat capacity of solid state/(J·kg−1·K−1)
| 144 | specific heat capacity of liquid state/(J·kg−1·K−1)
| 200 | solid density/(kg·m−3)
| 19 350 | liquid density/(kg·m−3)
| 17 600 | thermal conductivity/(W·m−1·K−1)
| variation with temperature | melting point Tm/K
| 3 683.15 | boiling point Tb/K
| 5 933.15 | latent Heat LS-L/(kJ·kg−1)
| 187 | latent Heat LL-G/(kJ·kg−1)
| 4 009 |
|
Table 1. Parameters of tungsten materials
$ \varepsilon $![]() /(MJ/m2)
| $ \Delta x $![]() /μm
| 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.75 | 0.19 | 0.80 | 0.58 | 0.95 | 1.94 | 1.00 | 2.52 | 1.05 | 2.94 | 1.15 | 3.98 | 1.20 | 4.51 |
|
Table 2. Calculated surface degeneration under different input energy densities
$ {\varepsilon _n} $![]() /(MJ/m2)
| $ \Delta m $![]() /mg
| $ \Delta x' $![]() /μm
| 0.30 | 2.80 | 1.28 | 0.40 | 4.45 | 2.04 | 0.50 | 6.10 | 2.80 | 0.95 | 13.54 | 6.20 | 1.00 | 14.36 | 6.58 | 1.05 | 15.19 | 6.96 | 1.15 | 16.84 | 7.72 | 1.20 | 17.67 | 8.10 |
|
Table 3. Surface degeneration corresponding to mass loss in the experiment
$ {\varepsilon _n} $![]() /(MJ/m2)
| $ \varepsilon $![]() /(MJ/m2)
| 0.3 | 0.87 | 0.4 | 0.95 | 0.5 | 1.03 | 0.95 | 1.39 | 1.05 | 1.46 | 1.15 | 1.54 | 1.20 | 1.58 |
|
Table 4. Correction results of nominal average energy densities